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Kilonewton [kN]


The kilonewton (kN) is a unit of force in the International System of Units (SI).



  • 1 kilonewton equals 1,000 newtons:



1 kN=1,000 N1 \text{ kN} = 1,000 \text{ N}

  • It represents the force required to accelerate a 1,000 kg mass at 1 meter per second squared.



  • Kilonewtons are commonly used to measure larger forces in engineering, construction, and physics, such as the load on structures, thrust in engines, or tension in cables.



Example: The force exerted by a 100 kg mass under Earth's gravity is approximately 0.98 kN.


Pond [p]


The pond is a historical unit of force, equivalent to the force exerted by gravity on a mass of one gram.



  • It is part of the gram-force system and was widely used before the adoption of the newton in the SI system.



  • Mathematically:



1 pond=1 gramร—9.80665 m/s2=0.00980665 newtons1 \text{ pond} = 1 \text{ gram} \times 9.80665 \text{ m/s}^2 = 0.00980665 \text{ newtons}

  • In other words, 1 pond is approximately 0.00981 newtons.



  • The pond is rarely used today, having been replaced by the newton, but it may still appear in older scientific literature or certain niche applications.



  • It is similar in concept to the gram-force (gf).





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