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Planck Length


The Planck length is the smallest meaningful unit of length in physics, representing a fundamental scale at which classical ideas about gravity and space-time break down and quantum effects dominate.



  • It is defined as approximately 1.616 × 10⁻³⁵ meters.



  • The Planck length is derived from fundamental constants: the speed of light, Planck’s constant, and the gravitational constant.



  • It sets a theoretical limit below which the very concepts of space and distance may lose conventional meaning.



  • Used mainly in theories of quantum gravity and string theory.



Key facts:



  • 1 Planck length ≈ 1.616 × 10⁻³⁵ m



  • Smallest scale in quantum physics and cosmology



  • Represents a scale where quantum effects of gravity become significant



The Planck length is crucial for understanding the fabric of the universe at its most fundamental level.



X-unit


The X-unit (symbol: xu) is a very small unit of length used primarily to measure wavelengths of X-rays and gamma rays. It was introduced in the early 20th century for precision measurements in X-ray crystallography.



  • 1 X-unit ≈ 0.1 picometers (pm) or 10⁻¹³ meters



  • It allows scientists to express extremely small wavelengths typical of X-rays, which are on the order of atomic spacing



  • The exact definition has varied historically, but the unit remains useful for comparing wavelengths in X-ray spectroscopy and crystallography



Though largely replaced by the picometer or ångström in modern usage, the X-unit played a crucial role in early developments of atomic-scale measurement.




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