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Millimeter and Square Millimeter – A Short Note

A millimeter (symbol: mm) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to:

1 millimeter = 10⁻³ meters (0.001 meters)

Millimeters are commonly used to measure small lengths and thicknesses in everyday life, such as the diameter of a pencil, the thickness of paper, or small machine parts.

A square millimeter (symbol: mm²) is a unit of area representing a square with sides one millimeter long:

1 mm² = (10⁻³ m) × (10⁻³ m) = 10⁻⁶ m²

Square millimeters are often used to measure surface areas in small objects, like the cross-sectional area of wires, small patches of skin, or the surface of tiny electronic components.

In summary:

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  Millimeter (mm) measures small lengths in daily life and engineering

  
  
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  Square millimeter (mm²) measures small areas on a scale larger than microscopic but still quite small

  
  
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  Commonly used in engineering, manufacturing, and medicine

  
  

Picometer and Square Picometer – A Short Note

A picometer (symbol: pm) is a metric unit of length equal to:

1 picometer = 10⁻¹² meters

It is used to measure extremely small distances, typically at the atomic and molecular scale. For example, the diameter of a hydrogen atom is about 50–120 picometers. Scientists use picometers in fields like chemistry, nanotechnology, and physics to describe the size of atoms, chemical bonds, and tiny structures.

A square picometer (symbol: pm²) is a unit of area, representing a square with each side one picometer long:

1 pm² = (10⁻¹² m) × (10⁻¹² m) = 10⁻²⁴ m²

This unit is used to express extremely small surface areas, such as the cross-sectional area of atoms or molecules.

In summary:

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  Picometer (pm) measures ultra-small lengths

  
  
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  Square picometer (pm²) measures extremely small areas

  
  
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  Common in nanoscience, chemistry, and quantum physics