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Caliber


Caliber is a term used to describe the internal diameter of a cylindrical object, most commonly the inside diameter of a gun barrel or firearm bore. It is typically measured in inches or millimeters.



  • In firearms, caliber indicates the diameter of the bullet or projectile that can be fired from the barrel (e.g., a .45 caliber means the barrel’s internal diameter is 0.45 inches).



  • In other contexts, such as engineering or piping, caliber can refer more generally to the diameter or thickness of tubes or cylindrical objects.



Key points:



  • Caliber = internal diameter of a barrel or tube



  • Measured in inches or millimeters



  • Important for firearm specifications and ammunition compatibility



  • Also used in engineering and manufacturing



Caliber is crucial for matching ammunition to firearms and for defining performance characteristics like velocity and accuracy.



Fathom


A fathom is a unit of length traditionally used to measure the depth of water. It equals 6 feet or approximately 1.8288 meters.


Originating from the Old English word fæðm, meaning "to embrace" or "outstretched arms," the fathom was based on the average distance between a person's outstretched arms. It has been widely used by sailors and navigators to estimate sea depths and underwater distances.


Key facts:



  • 1 fathom = 6 feet



  • 1 fathom β‰ˆ 1.8288 meters



  • 1 fathom = 2 yards



Though modern sonar and electronic instruments now measure depth more precisely, the fathom remains a traditional unit in nautical contexts, especially in maritime charts and historical references.




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