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Acceleration Due to Gravity


Acceleration due to gravity is the rate at which an object speeds up as it falls freely toward the Earth due to the force of gravity. It is represented by the symbol ‘g’, and its standard value on Earth is approximately 9.8 m/s². This means that for every second an object is in free fall, its velocity increases by 9.8 meters per second.


The SI unit of acceleration due to gravity is meters per second squared (m/s²). This unit expresses how quickly an object’s velocity changes while falling under the influence of gravity.


The value of g can vary slightly based on location — it is a bit lower at the equator and higher at the poles due to Earth's shape and rotation.


This concept is fundamental in understanding free fall, projectile motion, and satellite orbits, making it an essential part of physics and real-world applications.


Galileo (Unit) – A Short Note


The galileo (symbol: Gal) is a unit of acceleration used mainly in the field of geophysics, especially gravimetry, which measures the Earth's gravitational field.


One galileo is defined as:


1 Gal = 1 centimeter per second squared (1 cm/s²)


It is a non-SI (non-International System) unit, named after the Italian scientist Galileo Galilei in honor of his pioneering work on gravity and motion.


Because the Gal is a relatively large unit for precise gravity measurements, smaller subunits are often used:



  • 1 milligal (mGal) = 0.001 Gal



  • 1 microgal (µGal) = 0.000001 Gal



In practical terms, Earth's surface gravity is about 980 Gal, but variations in local gravity fields (due to terrain, density, etc.) are often measured in milligals or microgals.


The galileo unit is essential in geophysical surveys, oil exploration, and earthquake studies.



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