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Galileo (Unit) – A Short Note

The galileo (symbol: Gal) is a unit of acceleration used mainly in the field of geophysics, especially gravimetry, which measures the Earth's gravitational field.

One galileo is defined as:

1 Gal = 1 centimeter per second squared (1 cm/s²)

It is a non-SI (non-International System) unit, named after the Italian scientist Galileo Galilei in honor of his pioneering work on gravity and motion.

Because the Gal is a relatively large unit for precise gravity measurements, smaller subunits are often used:

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  1 milligal (mGal) = 0.001 Gal

  
  
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  1 microgal (µGal) = 0.000001 Gal

  
  

In practical terms, Earth's surface gravity is about 980 Gal, but variations in local gravity fields (due to terrain, density, etc.) are often measured in milligals or microgals.

The galileo unit is essential in geophysical surveys, oil exploration, and earthquake studies.

Micrometer and Square Micrometer – A Short Note

A micrometer (symbol: µm), also called a micron, is a unit of length in the metric system equal to:

1 micrometer = 10⁻⁶ meters

Micrometers are commonly used to measure things too small to see with the naked eye but larger than atoms—such as cells, bacteria, and fine particles. For example, a typical human hair is about 50 to 100 micrometers thick.

A square micrometer (symbol: µm²) is a unit of area representing a square with sides one micrometer long:

1 µm² = (10⁻⁶ m) × (10⁻⁶ m) = 10⁻¹² m²

Square micrometers are used to describe microscopic surface areas, such as the surface of cells, microchips, or materials under a microscope.

In summary:

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  Micrometer (µm) measures small lengths visible under microscopes

  
  
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  Square micrometer (µm²) measures tiny areas at the microscopic scale

  
  
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  Widely used in biology, material science, and engineering