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Micrometer and Square Micrometer – A Short Note

A micrometer (symbol: µm), also called a micron, is a unit of length in the metric system equal to:

1 micrometer = 10⁻⁶ meters

Micrometers are commonly used to measure things too small to see with the naked eye but larger than atoms—such as cells, bacteria, and fine particles. For example, a typical human hair is about 50 to 100 micrometers thick.

A square micrometer (symbol: µm²) is a unit of area representing a square with sides one micrometer long:

1 µm² = (10⁻⁶ m) × (10⁻⁶ m) = 10⁻¹² m²

Square micrometers are used to describe microscopic surface areas, such as the surface of cells, microchips, or materials under a microscope.

In summary:

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  Micrometer (µm) measures small lengths visible under microscopes

  
  
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  Square micrometer (µm²) measures tiny areas at the microscopic scale

  
  
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  Widely used in biology, material science, and engineering

  
  

Gal – A Short Note

The Gal (symbol: Gal) is a unit of acceleration used primarily in geophysics and gravimetry to measure gravitational acceleration. It is named after Galileo Galilei, the famous Italian scientist who studied motion and gravity.

The Gal is defined as:

1 Gal = 1 centimeter per second squared (1 cm/s²)

This means an object accelerating at 1 Gal gains 1 cm/s in speed every second.

Because the Gal is relatively large for precise measurements, smaller units are commonly used:

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  1 milligal (mGal) = 0.001 Gal

  
  
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  1 microgal (µGal) = 0.000001 Gal

  
  

Earth’s gravity at the surface is approximately 980 Gal, but geophysicists often measure small variations in gravity, so they typically use milligals or microgals.

The Gal is not an SI unit, but it is widely used in scientific fields related to the Earth, such as seismology, mining, and oil exploration.