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Describing Very Low Frequency Radio Waves

A hectometre (hm) is a unit of length equal to 100 metres, and it is used to describe very long wavelengths in the Very Low Frequency (VLF) and Low Frequency (LF) bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. Wavelengths in the hectometre range correspond to frequencies between approximately 3 kHz and 3 MHz. These long wavelengths are typically used for maritime navigation, military submarine communication, AM radio broadcasting, and time signal transmissions.

For example, a signal at 300 kHz has a wavelength of 1 kilometre, or 10 hectometres, and a signal at 1 MHz corresponds to 3 hectometres. These long wavelengths have the unique ability to travel long distances and penetrate water and the ground, which is why they are used in submarine communications and emergency broadcast systems.

Using hectometres to express wavelength offers a practical scale for understanding wave propagation over great distances. It also aids in antenna design, where very large antennas—often hundreds of metres long—are needed to efficiently transmit or receive these frequencies. Understanding wavelength in hectometres is important in geophysics, radio astronomy, and large-scale communications infrastructure.

Frequencies in the Hundreds of Hertz

The hectohertz (hHz) is a unit of frequency equal to 100 hertz (10² Hz), meaning 100 cycles occur every second. This frequency range is important in many areas including audio technology, engineering, and physics, where oscillations and waves in the low hundreds of cycles per second are commonly studied.

In audio and acoustics, frequencies around 100 Hz correspond to the lower bass range in human hearing. These sounds are fundamental to music, speech, and environmental noises, contributing to rhythm and tone. Subwoofers and bass instruments often operate in this range to produce deep, resonant sounds.

In engineering, hectohertz frequencies are significant for analyzing mechanical vibrations, structural resonances, and rotating machinery speeds. Monitoring and controlling vibrations in this range is essential for maintaining the safety and longevity of engines, bridges, and other infrastructure.

In physics and electronics, hectohertz frequencies can describe signals in communication devices, low-frequency radio transmissions, and various sensor outputs.

Understanding hectohertz frequencies helps scientists and engineers design better sound systems, improve mechanical performance, and develop technologies that rely on precise control and measurement of low-frequency waves.