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Ångström


An ångström (symbol: Å) is a unit of length commonly used in physics, chemistry, and biology to measure very small distances, such as atomic and molecular scales. It is equal to 10⁻¹⁰ meters, or 0.1 nanometers (nm).


The unit is named after the Swedish physicist Anders Jonas Ångström, who made significant contributions to spectroscopy.


Key facts:



  • 1 ångström = 10⁻¹⁰ meters = 0.1 nanometers



  • Used to measure atomic and molecular sizes, wavelengths of light, and crystal lattice constants



  • Common in fields like crystallography, chemistry, and materials science



Though largely replaced by the nanometer in the SI system, the ångström remains widely used in scientific literature to describe very small lengths.



Handbreadth


A handbreadth is a traditional unit of length based on the width of a human hand, typically measured from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the little finger when the hand is fully extended. It was commonly used in ancient and medieval times for everyday measurements.



  • The handbreadth is generally about 3 to 4 inches (approximately 7.5 to 10 centimeters), though the exact length could vary by culture and era.



  • It served as a practical, easy-to-use measure in tailoring, construction, and daily life before standardized units were established.



  • The handbreadth is one of several body-based units, like the span and palm, reflecting how humans used their own bodies for measuring.



Summary:



  • About 3 to 4 inches (7.5 to 10 cm)



  • Based on the width of an extended hand



  • Used historically in various cultures



  • Practical for informal, everyday measurement



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