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Ångström

An ångström (symbol: Å) is a unit of length commonly used in physics, chemistry, and biology to measure very small distances, such as atomic and molecular scales. It is equal to 10⁻¹⁰ meters, or 0.1 nanometers (nm).

The unit is named after the Swedish physicist Anders Jonas Ångström, who made significant contributions to spectroscopy.

Key facts:

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  1 ångström = 10⁻¹⁰ meters = 0.1 nanometers

  
  
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  Used to measure atomic and molecular sizes, wavelengths of light, and crystal lattice constants

  
  
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  Common in fields like crystallography, chemistry, and materials science

  
  

Though largely replaced by the nanometer in the SI system, the ångström remains widely used in scientific literature to describe very small lengths.

X-unit

The X-unit (symbol: xu) is a very small unit of length used primarily to measure wavelengths of X-rays and gamma rays. It was introduced in the early 20th century for precision measurements in X-ray crystallography.

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  1 X-unit ≈ 0.1 picometers (pm) or 10⁻¹³ meters

  
  
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  It allows scientists to express extremely small wavelengths typical of X-rays, which are on the order of atomic spacing

  
  
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  The exact definition has varied historically, but the unit remains useful for comparing wavelengths in X-ray spectroscopy and crystallography

  
  

Though largely replaced by the picometer or ångström in modern usage, the X-unit played a crucial role in early developments of atomic-scale measurement.