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Earth Polar Radius


The Earth's polar radius is the distance from the center of the Earth to the North or South Pole. It measures the Earth’s radius along its rotational axis.



  • Its value is approximately 6,356.8 kilometers (about 3,949.9 miles).



  • The Earth is an oblate spheroid, so the polar radius is slightly shorter than the equatorial radius due to the planet's flattening at the poles.



  • This measurement is crucial for geodesy, understanding Earth’s shape, and satellite navigation.



Key facts:



  • Polar radius ≈ 6,356.8 km



  • Smaller than equatorial radius by about 21.3 km



  • Important for precise Earth modeling and mapping



The difference between the polar and equatorial radius reflects the Earth’s rotation and its effect on the planet’s shape.



Earth’s Distance from the Sun


The average distance between the Earth and the Sun is known as an Astronomical Unit (AU).



  • It is approximately 149.6 million kilometers (about 93 million miles).



  • This distance varies slightly throughout the year because Earth’s orbit is elliptical—closest at perihelion (~147.1 million km) and farthest at aphelion (~152.1 million km).



  • The astronomical unit is a fundamental standard for measuring distances within our solar system.



Key facts:



  • Average distance ≈ 149.6 million km (1 AU)



  • Varies due to elliptical orbit



  • Basis for measuring planetary distances



Understanding Earth’s distance from the Sun is essential for studying seasons, climate, and orbital mechanics.



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