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Hand

A hand is a traditional unit of length primarily used to measure the height of horses. It is equal to 4 inches or 10.16 centimeters.

The origin of the hand as a measurement comes from using the width of a human hand, and it has been standardized at 4 inches for consistency in horse measurement. Horse height is expressed in "hands," measured from the ground to the highest point of the withers (the ridge between the shoulder blades).

Key points:

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  1 hand = 4 inches

  
  
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  1 hand = 10.16 centimeters

  
  
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  Used mainly for measuring horse height

  
  
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  Horse height is often given in hands and inches, e.g., 15.2 hands means 15 hands plus 2 inches

  
  

The hand remains the standard unit for horse height in many English-speaking countries.

Long Cubit

The long cubit is an ancient unit of length that is a variation of the standard cubit, measuring from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger. The long cubit is longer than the common cubit, typically about 21 inches (approximately 53 centimeters).

It was used in ancient civilizations such as Egypt and Mesopotamia for construction, land measurement, and crafts, especially when more precision or a larger unit was needed.

Key points:

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  Long cubit ≈ 21 inches (53 cm)

  
  
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  Longer than the standard cubit (usually about 18 inches)

  
  
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  Used in ancient architecture and surveying

  
  
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  Provided a larger base unit for measurements in construction

  
  

The long cubit helped ancient builders and surveyors manage larger scales while still relying on the human body as a reference.