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Nanometer and Square Nanometer – A Short Note


A nanometer (symbol: nm) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to:


1 nanometer = 10⁻⁹ meters


Nanometers are widely used to measure things at the molecular and atomic scale, such as the size of molecules, wavelengths of light, and features in nanotechnology. For example, the diameter of a DNA molecule is about 2 nanometers.


A square nanometer (symbol: nm²) is a unit of area, representing a square with each side one nanometer long:


1 nm² = (10⁻⁹ m) × (10⁻⁹ m) = 10⁻¹⁸ m²


Square nanometers are used to describe very small surface areas, such as the surface of nanoparticles or thin films.


In summary:



  • Nanometer (nm) measures very small lengths at the nanoscale



  • Square nanometer (nm²) measures extremely small areas



  • Common in nanotechnology, materials science, and molecular biology



Acceleration Due to Gravity


Acceleration due to gravity is the rate at which an object speeds up as it falls freely toward the Earth due to the force of gravity. It is represented by the symbol ‘g’, and its standard value on Earth is approximately 9.8 m/s². This means that for every second an object is in free fall, its velocity increases by 9.8 meters per second.


The SI unit of acceleration due to gravity is meters per second squared (m/s²). This unit expresses how quickly an object’s velocity changes while falling under the influence of gravity.


The value of g can vary slightly based on location — it is a bit lower at the equator and higher at the poles due to Earth's shape and rotation.


This concept is fundamental in understanding free fall, projectile motion, and satellite orbits, making it an essential part of physics and real-world applications.



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