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Nanometer and Square Nanometer – A Short Note

A nanometer (symbol: nm) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to:

1 nanometer = 10⁻⁹ meters

Nanometers are widely used to measure things at the molecular and atomic scale, such as the size of molecules, wavelengths of light, and features in nanotechnology. For example, the diameter of a DNA molecule is about 2 nanometers.

A square nanometer (symbol: nm²) is a unit of area, representing a square with each side one nanometer long:

1 nm² = (10⁻⁹ m) × (10⁻⁹ m) = 10⁻¹⁸ m²

Square nanometers are used to describe very small surface areas, such as the surface of nanoparticles or thin films.

In summary:

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  Nanometer (nm) measures very small lengths at the nanoscale

  
  
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  Square nanometer (nm²) measures extremely small areas

  
  
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  Common in nanotechnology, materials science, and molecular biology

  
  

Femtometer and Square Femtometer – A Short Note

A femtometer (symbol: fm) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to:

1 femtometer = 10⁻¹⁵ meters

It is also known as a fermi (symbol: f), named after physicist Enrico Fermi. The femtometer is commonly used in nuclear physics to measure the size of atomic nuclei and subatomic particles. For example, a typical atomic nucleus is about 1–10 femtometers in diameter.

A square femtometer (symbol: fm²) is a unit of area that represents a square with sides one femtometer in length:

1 fm² = (10⁻¹⁵ m) × (10⁻¹⁵ m) = 10⁻³⁰ m²

This unit is used to describe extremely small surface areas at the nuclear or particle scale, though less commonly than the length unit.

In summary:

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  Femtometer (fm) measures very small lengths (nuclear scale)

  
  
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  Square femtometer (fm²) measures extremely tiny areas

  
  
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  Used mainly in nuclear and particle physics.