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Picometer and Square Picometer – A Short Note


A picometer (symbol: pm) is a metric unit of length equal to:


1 picometer = 10⁻¹² meters


It is used to measure extremely small distances, typically at the atomic and molecular scale. For example, the diameter of a hydrogen atom is about 50–120 picometers. Scientists use picometers in fields like chemistry, nanotechnology, and physics to describe the size of atoms, chemical bonds, and tiny structures.


A square picometer (symbol: pm²) is a unit of area, representing a square with each side one picometer long:


1 pm² = (10⁻¹² m) × (10⁻¹² m) = 10⁻²⁴ m²


This unit is used to express extremely small surface areas, such as the cross-sectional area of atoms or molecules.


In summary:



  • Picometer (pm) measures ultra-small lengths



  • Square picometer (pm²) measures extremely small areas



  • Common in nanoscience, chemistry, and quantum physics



Acceleration Due to Gravity


Acceleration due to gravity is the rate at which an object speeds up as it falls freely toward the Earth due to the force of gravity. It is represented by the symbol ‘g’, and its standard value on Earth is approximately 9.8 m/s². This means that for every second an object is in free fall, its velocity increases by 9.8 meters per second.


The SI unit of acceleration due to gravity is meters per second squared (m/s²). This unit expresses how quickly an object’s velocity changes while falling under the influence of gravity.


The value of g can vary slightly based on location — it is a bit lower at the equator and higher at the poles due to Earth's shape and rotation.


This concept is fundamental in understanding free fall, projectile motion, and satellite orbits, making it an essential part of physics and real-world applications.



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