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Picometer and Square Picometer – A Short Note
A picometer (symbol: pm) is a metric unit of length equal to:
1 picometer = 10⁻¹² meters
It is used to measure extremely small distances, typically at the atomic and molecular scale. For example, the diameter of a hydrogen atom is about 50–120 picometers. Scientists use picometers in fields like chemistry, nanotechnology, and physics to describe the size of atoms, chemical bonds, and tiny structures.
A square picometer (symbol: pm²) is a unit of area, representing a square with each side one picometer long:
1 pm² = (10⁻¹² m) × (10⁻¹² m) = 10⁻²⁴ m²
This unit is used to express extremely small surface areas, such as the cross-sectional area of atoms or molecules.
In summary:
Picometer (pm) measures ultra-small lengths
Square picometer (pm²) measures extremely small areas
Common in nanoscience, chemistry, and quantum physics
Femtometer and Square Femtometer – A Short Note
A femtometer (symbol: fm) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to:
1 femtometer = 10⁻¹⁵ meters
It is also known as a fermi (symbol: f), named after physicist Enrico Fermi. The femtometer is commonly used in nuclear physics to measure the size of atomic nuclei and subatomic particles. For example, a typical atomic nucleus is about 1–10 femtometers in diameter.
A square femtometer (symbol: fm²) is a unit of area that represents a square with sides one femtometer in length:
1 fm² = (10⁻¹⁵ m) × (10⁻¹⁵ m) = 10⁻³⁰ m²
This unit is used to describe extremely small surface areas at the nuclear or particle scale, though less commonly than the length unit.
In summary:
Femtometer (fm) measures very small lengths (nuclear scale)
Square femtometer (fm²) measures extremely tiny areas
Used mainly in nuclear and particle physics.