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Chain (US Survey)


The US survey chain is a unit of length used historically in land surveying in the United States. It is defined as exactly 66 US survey feet, which is slightly longer than the international foot. Since one US survey foot equals about 0.3048006096 meters, the US survey chain is approximately 20.11684 meters long.


Like the standard chain, it is divided into 100 links, each measuring 0.66 US survey feet. The US survey chain was widely used in the Public Land Survey System to measure land parcels and boundaries.


Key facts:



  • 1 US survey chain = 66 US survey feet



  • 1 US survey chain ≈ 20.11684 meters



  • 10 US survey chains = 1 furlong



  • 80 US survey chains = 1 US survey mile



Though the US survey foot and chain are being phased out in favor of international units, the US survey chain still appears in historical land records and some legal contexts.


Planck Length


The Planck length is the smallest meaningful unit of length in physics, representing a fundamental scale at which classical ideas about gravity and space-time break down and quantum effects dominate.



  • It is defined as approximately 1.616 × 10⁻³⁵ meters.



  • The Planck length is derived from fundamental constants: the speed of light, Planck’s constant, and the gravitational constant.



  • It sets a theoretical limit below which the very concepts of space and distance may lose conventional meaning.



  • Used mainly in theories of quantum gravity and string theory.



Key facts:



  • 1 Planck length ≈ 1.616 × 10⁻³⁵ m



  • Smallest scale in quantum physics and cosmology



  • Represents a scale where quantum effects of gravity become significant



The Planck length is crucial for understanding the fabric of the universe at its most fundamental level.




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