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Kilogram-Force Millimeter [kgf·mm]

Kilogram-force millimeter (kgf·mm) is a unit of torque or moment of force used to quantify small rotational forces where the force is expressed in kilogram-force (kgf) and the distance in millimeters (mm). It represents the torque generated when a force of one kilogram-force is applied at a lever arm length of one millimeter from the pivot point.

This unit is commonly employed in fields such as mechanical engineering, precision instrument calibration, and small machinery design. It is especially useful for measuring or specifying torque in devices requiring fine control over small rotational forces, such as torque on small bolts, delicate mechanical assemblies, or calibration of torque wrenches.

While the standard SI unit for torque is the newton-meter (N·m), kgf·mm provides a convenient scale in applications where the metric system is preferred but the force is expressed in kilogram-force due to historical or practical reasons. For reference, 1 kgf·mm is approximately equal to 9.80665 × 10⁻³ newton-meters.

Using kilogram-force millimeters allows for precise torque measurement in contexts where small-scale torque values are critical to ensure proper assembly and operation of mechanical systems.

Kilonewton Meter [kN·m]

Kilonewton meter (kN·m) is a unit of torque or moment of force commonly used in engineering and physics to measure large rotational forces. It represents the torque produced when a force of one kilonewton (kN) is applied at a distance of one meter (m) from a pivot point. Since one kilonewton equals 1,000 newtons, the kilonewton meter is well-suited for applications involving substantial forces and moments.

This unit is widely used in structural engineering, mechanical design, automotive industries, and heavy machinery, where large torques need to be calculated or controlled. For example, in construction, kN·m is used to describe the bending moments in beams, while in automotive engineering, it measures engine torque.

The kilonewton meter aligns with the International System of Units (SI), making it convenient for global standardization and calculations. It simplifies communication of torque values in large-scale applications by scaling up from newton-meters (N·m).

To convert, 1 kN·m equals 1,000 newton-meters. This unit helps engineers ensure safety, performance, and efficiency in designing and operating mechanical systems subjected to significant forces.