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Kilogram-Force Millimeter [kgf·mm]

Kilogram-force millimeter (kgf·mm) is a unit of torque or moment of force used to quantify small rotational forces where the force is expressed in kilogram-force (kgf) and the distance in millimeters (mm). It represents the torque generated when a force of one kilogram-force is applied at a lever arm length of one millimeter from the pivot point.

This unit is commonly employed in fields such as mechanical engineering, precision instrument calibration, and small machinery design. It is especially useful for measuring or specifying torque in devices requiring fine control over small rotational forces, such as torque on small bolts, delicate mechanical assemblies, or calibration of torque wrenches.

While the standard SI unit for torque is the newton-meter (N·m), kgf·mm provides a convenient scale in applications where the metric system is preferred but the force is expressed in kilogram-force due to historical or practical reasons. For reference, 1 kgf·mm is approximately equal to 9.80665 × 10⁻³ newton-meters.

Using kilogram-force millimeters allows for precise torque measurement in contexts where small-scale torque values are critical to ensure proper assembly and operation of mechanical systems.

Newton Millimeter [N·mm]

Newton millimeter (N·mm) is a unit of torque that measures the rotational force applied when a force of one newton is exerted perpendicularly at a distance of one millimeter from the axis of rotation. It is especially useful for very small-scale or high-precision applications, such as micro-mechanical systems, electronics, robotics, and laboratory instruments, where tiny forces need accurate measurement. A higher N·mm value indicates greater torque and more resistance to rotation, while a lower value represents less rotational force and easier motion. Engineers, designers, and researchers use this unit to calculate torque, angular acceleration, and energy requirements for miniature components like micro-gears, motors, sensors, and precision instruments. By combining force with very small rotational distances, newton millimeter provides a practical and precise measure for managing and analyzing torque in compact or highly sensitive mechanical systems, ensuring accuracy, efficiency, and stability in delicate applications.