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Kilogram-Force Millimeter [kgf·mm]

Kilogram-force millimeter (kgf·mm) is a unit of torque or moment of force used to quantify small rotational forces where the force is expressed in kilogram-force (kgf) and the distance in millimeters (mm). It represents the torque generated when a force of one kilogram-force is applied at a lever arm length of one millimeter from the pivot point.

This unit is commonly employed in fields such as mechanical engineering, precision instrument calibration, and small machinery design. It is especially useful for measuring or specifying torque in devices requiring fine control over small rotational forces, such as torque on small bolts, delicate mechanical assemblies, or calibration of torque wrenches.

While the standard SI unit for torque is the newton-meter (N·m), kgf·mm provides a convenient scale in applications where the metric system is preferred but the force is expressed in kilogram-force due to historical or practical reasons. For reference, 1 kgf·mm is approximately equal to 9.80665 × 10⁻³ newton-meters.

Using kilogram-force millimeters allows for precise torque measurement in contexts where small-scale torque values are critical to ensure proper assembly and operation of mechanical systems.

Newton Meter [N·m]

Newton meter (N·m) is the standard SI unit of torque, measuring the rotational force applied to an object around an axis. It combines force in newtons (N) with distance in meters (m) from the axis of rotation. One newton meter represents the torque generated when a force of one newton is applied perpendicularly at a distance of one meter from the rotation axis. This unit is widely used in physics, mechanical engineering, automotive design, robotics, and industrial applications to quantify torque, rotational performance, and mechanical efficiency. A higher N·m value indicates stronger torque and greater ability to cause angular acceleration, while a lower value signifies less rotational force. Engineers and designers use this measure to calculate torque requirements, optimize machinery, ensure component stability, and prevent mechanical failure. By linking force and rotational distance, newton meter provides a practical, precise, and universally recognized standard for analyzing and managing torque in a variety of mechanical, industrial, and scientific applications.