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Bohr Radius

The Bohr radius is a fundamental physical constant that represents the average distance between the nucleus and the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state, according to the Bohr model of the atom.

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  Its value is approximately 5.29177 × 10⁻¹¹ meters (about 0.529 angstroms).

  
  
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  Named after physicist Niels Bohr, who introduced the model in 1913.

  
  
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  It sets a natural length scale in atomic physics and quantum mechanics.

  
  
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  Used to describe atomic sizes and electron orbitals.

  
  

Key facts:

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  Bohr radius ≈ 5.29 × 10⁻¹¹ m

  
  
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  Represents the typical size of a hydrogen atom’s electron orbit

  
  
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  Fundamental to quantum physics and atomic structure

  
  

The Bohr radius is essential for understanding atomic dimensions and quantum behavior of electrons.

X-unit

The X-unit (symbol: xu) is a very small unit of length used primarily to measure wavelengths of X-rays and gamma rays. It was introduced in the early 20th century for precision measurements in X-ray crystallography.

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  1 X-unit ≈ 0.1 picometers (pm) or 10⁻¹³ meters

  
  
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  It allows scientists to express extremely small wavelengths typical of X-rays, which are on the order of atomic spacing

  
  
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  The exact definition has varied historically, but the unit remains useful for comparing wavelengths in X-ray spectroscopy and crystallography

  
  

Though largely replaced by the picometer or ångström in modern usage, the X-unit played a crucial role in early developments of atomic-scale measurement.