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Gal – A Short Note


The Gal (symbol: Gal) is a unit of acceleration used primarily in geophysics and gravimetry to measure gravitational acceleration. It is named after Galileo Galilei, the famous Italian scientist who studied motion and gravity.


The Gal is defined as:


1 Gal = 1 centimeter per second squared (1 cm/s²)


This means an object accelerating at 1 Gal gains 1 cm/s in speed every second.


Because the Gal is relatively large for precise measurements, smaller units are commonly used:



  • 1 milligal (mGal) = 0.001 Gal



  • 1 microgal (µGal) = 0.000001 Gal



Earth’s gravity at the surface is approximately 980 Gal, but geophysicists often measure small variations in gravity, so they typically use milligals or microgals.


The Gal is not an SI unit, but it is widely used in scientific fields related to the Earth, such as seismology, mining, and oil exploration.


Acceleration Due to Gravity


Acceleration due to gravity is the rate at which an object speeds up as it falls freely toward the Earth due to the force of gravity. It is represented by the symbol ‘g’, and its standard value on Earth is approximately 9.8 m/s². This means that for every second an object is in free fall, its velocity increases by 9.8 meters per second.


The SI unit of acceleration due to gravity is meters per second squared (m/s²). This unit expresses how quickly an object’s velocity changes while falling under the influence of gravity.


The value of g can vary slightly based on location — it is a bit lower at the equator and higher at the poles due to Earth's shape and rotation.


This concept is fundamental in understanding free fall, projectile motion, and satellite orbits, making it an essential part of physics and real-world applications.



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