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Gal – A Short Note

The Gal (symbol: Gal) is a unit of acceleration used primarily in geophysics and gravimetry to measure gravitational acceleration. It is named after Galileo Galilei, the famous Italian scientist who studied motion and gravity.

The Gal is defined as:

1 Gal = 1 centimeter per second squared (1 cm/s²)

This means an object accelerating at 1 Gal gains 1 cm/s in speed every second.

Because the Gal is relatively large for precise measurements, smaller units are commonly used:

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  1 milligal (mGal) = 0.001 Gal

  
  
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  1 microgal (µGal) = 0.000001 Gal

  
  

Earth’s gravity at the surface is approximately 980 Gal, but geophysicists often measure small variations in gravity, so they typically use milligals or microgals.

The Gal is not an SI unit, but it is widely used in scientific fields related to the Earth, such as seismology, mining, and oil exploration.

Millimeter and Square Millimeter – A Short Note

A millimeter (symbol: mm) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to:

1 millimeter = 10⁻³ meters (0.001 meters)

Millimeters are commonly used to measure small lengths and thicknesses in everyday life, such as the diameter of a pencil, the thickness of paper, or small machine parts.

A square millimeter (symbol: mm²) is a unit of area representing a square with sides one millimeter long:

1 mm² = (10⁻³ m) × (10⁻³ m) = 10⁻⁶ m²

Square millimeters are often used to measure surface areas in small objects, like the cross-sectional area of wires, small patches of skin, or the surface of tiny electronic components.

In summary:

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  Millimeter (mm) measures small lengths in daily life and engineering

  
  
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  Square millimeter (mm²) measures small areas on a scale larger than microscopic but still quite small

  
  
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  Commonly used in engineering, manufacturing, and medicine