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Gal – A Short Note

The Gal (symbol: Gal) is a unit of acceleration used primarily in geophysics and gravimetry to measure gravitational acceleration. It is named after Galileo Galilei, the famous Italian scientist who studied motion and gravity.

The Gal is defined as:

1 Gal = 1 centimeter per second squared (1 cm/s²)

This means an object accelerating at 1 Gal gains 1 cm/s in speed every second.

Because the Gal is relatively large for precise measurements, smaller units are commonly used:

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  1 milligal (mGal) = 0.001 Gal

  
  
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  1 microgal (µGal) = 0.000001 Gal

  
  

Earth’s gravity at the surface is approximately 980 Gal, but geophysicists often measure small variations in gravity, so they typically use milligals or microgals.

The Gal is not an SI unit, but it is widely used in scientific fields related to the Earth, such as seismology, mining, and oil exploration.

Kilometer and Square Kilometer – A Short Note

A kilometer (symbol: km) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to:

1 kilometer = 1,000 meters

Kilometers are commonly used to measure long distances, such as the length between cities, the distance traveled by vehicles, or the size of large geographical features.

A square kilometer (symbol: km²) is a unit of area representing a square that is one kilometer long on each side:

1 km² = (1,000 m) × (1,000 m) = 1,000,000 m²

Square kilometers are widely used to measure large surface areas, like the size of cities, countries, forests, or lakes.

In summary:

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  Kilometer (km) measures long lengths or distances

  
  
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  Square kilometer (km²) measures large areas

  
  
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  Commonly used in geography, travel, and land measurement