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Sextant
A sextant is a navigational instrument used to measure the angle between two visible objects, most commonly between the horizon and a celestial body like the sun, moon, or stars. It helps sailors determine their latitude and longitude while at sea, making it essential for marine navigation before the age of GPS.
The sextant consists of a frame with a graduated arc marked in degrees, a movable arm called an index arm, and mirrors to sight the objects. By measuring the angle accurately, navigators can calculate their position on the Earthβs surface using mathematical tables.
Invented in the 18th century, the sextant revolutionized navigation by allowing more precise and reliable open-sea travel. Even today, it remains a valuable backup tool for sailors and navigators.
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